Grow taller or build gym muscles by consuming...

Proteins ! Proteins are the secret. Chicken, beef, pork, protein shakes.

Structure of Proteins :

1. Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen

2. Sometimes can contain Calcium and Phosphorus

3. Amino acids are monomers can be condensed into a complex polymer
   

Proteins have many uses :

1.  Structural Support : Proteins such as collagen and keratin provide structural support to cells and tissues. Collagen is found in connective tissues, while keratin is a key component of hair, nails, and skin.

2. Making Enzymes : Proteins are responsible for the creation of enzymes, which catalyze biochemical reactions in the body. Examples include digestive enzymes like amylase and protease.

3. Transport and Storage : Proteins transport and store molecules. Hemoglobin, a protein in red blood cells, transports oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. Ferritin stores iron in the liver.

4. Immune Response : Antibodies, which are proteins, play a crucial role in the immune system by identifying and neutralizing pathogens like bacteria and viruses.

5. Making Hormones : Some proteins act as hormones, which regulate physiological processes. Examples include insulin, which helps control blood glucose levels, and growth hormone, which stimulates growth and cell reproduction.

6. Building Plasma Membrane : Proteins are essential components of the plasma membrane. They are involved in making carrier and pore proteins, as well as other related proteins that facilitate communication and transport of molecules across the cell membrane, maintaining cellular integrity and function.

7. Muscle Contraction : Proteins such as actin and myosin are essential for muscle contraction and movement.

8. Energy Source in Absence of Carbohydrates : When carbohydrates are not available, proteins can be broken down to provide energy. This serves as a backup energy source to ensure the body continues to function properly.

9. Growth : Proteins are vital for growth and development, especially in children and adolescents. They provide the building blocks for the formation of new tissues and the repair of damaged tissues, ensuring proper development and growth of the body.

This is how your body makes proteins :

1. Transcription : A segment of DNA for a specific protein is copied to messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus.

2. Translation : mRNA carries the genetic information to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm to be read for Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules to add specific amino acids.

3. Building the Protein : The ribosome links the amino acids together forming a chain that will fold into a functional protein in order of copied genetic information.
   

If proteins were to exit the cell :

1. The proteins are sent to the Golgi apparatus in a transport vesicle.

2. The organelle would modify, sort and transport the protein to the plasma membrane in a secretory vesicle.

3. Once there, it would bind with the cell membrane and release its contents outside of the cell.

The detailed process of Golgi apparatus is :

1. Protein Folding: the protein then folds into its proper shape, critical for the protein to work correctly.

2. Protein Modification: Some proteins undergo additional modifications, like glycosylation (addition of sugar molecules), phosphorylation (addition of phosphate groups), and proteolytic cleavage (cutting of protein chains).

3. Protein Transport: Once the protein is made and folded correctly, it is sent to its destination within or outside the cell to do its job.
   

Let's make some proteins :

1. Condense two amino acid molecules to get a dipeptide

2. Condense three amino acid molecules to get a tripeptide

3. Condense many peptide molecules to get a polypeptide

4. Condense many polypeptides to get a protein

5. Each reaction is catalysed by its own enzyme and will release water per bond formed

6. The opposite of these anabolic reactions is hydrolysis which uses water to reverse these processes